The pancreas is an organ that produces hormones, such as insulin and glucagon, that aid in digestion. The pancreas can become inflamed in a condition known as pancreatitis. Pancreatitis that does not improve or gets worse over time is classified as chronic pancreatitis, according to the National Institutes of Health, and can lead to permanent damage and complications. Chronic pancreatitis can be caused by autoimmune disorders, cystic fibrosis, high triglycerides, medications and more commonly, alcohol abuse. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain, indigestion, unintentional weight loss and oily, smelly stools. The condition usually develops in people ages 30 to 40, and occurs more often in men than women. Medication, pancreatic rest, hospitalization with intravenous fluids are often necessary for severe chronic pancreatitis.
Enzyme and Hormone Issues
According to the Mayo Clinic, when the pancreas is inflamed, especially for a long period of time as with chronic pancreatitis, it can produce fewer or no enzymes that are needed for digestion. Food may not be able to be broken down and processed efficiently, causing fat and vitamin malabsorption and weight loss. Diabetes can also occur if glucagon and insulin production is hindered, therefore, causing problems with blood sugar regulation.
Blockages
According to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC), chronic pancreatitis can cause blockages of different bodily functions. Gallstones and pseudocysts can form and the pancreatic ducts can become narrowed, causing obstructions. Calcification can occur in the pancreas, meaning the tissue becomes hardened and unable to properly function. Surgery is often necessary to remove any calcifications, but can also cause additional scarring of the pancreas. Blockages or obstructions can also occur in the small intestines if food is not properly digested. Also, according to the National Institutes of Health, blood clots in veins of the spleen can occur with chronic pancreatitis, which could lead to organ failure.
Cell Damage
According to the Mayo Clinic, chronic pancreatitis can lead to pancreatic cancer. Long-term inflammation can cause cell damage, leading to the development of cancer cells, which can increase in number and possibly spread to other organs. Beta cells, which produce insulin and are associated with blood sugar management in the pancreas, can become damaged over time, as well, and diabetes can develop. Cells in the pancreas that help with immune function can also become damaged, making the pancreas more vulnerable to bacteria and infection. Infections can be a serious and dangerous complication so surgery may be warranted to remove infected tissue.
