Salicylic acid is used in soaps, lotions, creams, foams, ointments and shampoos to combat acne and a host of other skin and scalp conditions. It's in a class of medications called keratolytic agents that are used to separate or loosen the outer layer of the skin. Topical salicylic acid comes in both over-the-counter and prescription strengths.
Acne Treatment
Salicylic acid is often used in acne medications. Medline Plus, a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health, says salicylic acid is effective for treating acne because it reduces swelling and redness and helps to unplug blocked skin pores. This combination of effects allows pimples to shrink and skin to take on a healthier look. Medline Plus warns that when you first begin using salicylic acid for acne, your skin may become dry or irritated. It advises patients to begin slowly with salicylic acid products and gradually build up use as skin becomes accustomed to the treatments.
Anti-Aging Treatment
The Cleveland Clinic says salicylic acid also has a good effect on skin that has aged prematurely due to too much exposure to the sun. Because salicylic acid can help exfoliate skin, it can improve its color and texture. According to the Cleveland Clinic, salicylic acid produces results similar to another common anti-aging treatment, alpha hydroxy acid. However, salicylic acid products tend to be less irritating than alpha hydroxy acid products.
Treatment of Other Skin Conditions
Salicylic acid has a positive effect on a number of other skin conditions, too. The Mayo Clinic says it can be used for the treatment of such problems as dandruff, psoriasis, calluses, corns, common warts, plantar warts and seborrheic dermatitis of the skin and scalp. A doctor can advise on the best dosage and form of the medicine to treat the specific condition.
Side Effects
Salicylic acid may cause some unwelcome side effects. The Mayo Clinic says the most common side effects of salicylic acid use are mild skin irritation and a stinging sensation. Other side effects include dryness and peeling, flushing, redness and unusually warm skin. In rare cases, a moderate to severe skin irritation may occur. If that happens, call your doctor. Symptoms of salicylic acid poisoning include confusion, diarrhea, dizziness, severe headache, hearing loss, nausea, vomiting, ringing or buzzing in the ears, severe drowsiness, stomach pain, and rapid or deep breathing.
