Effexor is the brand name for venlafaxine hydrochloride, a prescription antidepressant medication that is used to treat those with major depressive disorder as well as different types of anxiety. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or SNRIs. Effexor works by stabilizing and maintaining the balance of neurotransmitters; specifically, the chemical messengers of serotonin and norepinephrine are stabilized in the brain, which are viewed as being associated with mood disorders.
Suicide
The use of certain antidepressants such as Effexor has been associated with an increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior. Following an increase in reported suicides of young people, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration took action in May 2007. Specifically, the FDA proposed that all anti-depressant medications, including Effexor, have warning labels about increased risks of suicidal tendencies in adults ages 18 to 24. Effexor continues to be a drug of concern regarding this dangerous side effect; for example, in February 2010, Congress held hearings on the increasing incidence of antidepressant-induced suicide in the military.
Serotonin Syndrome
According to eMedTV.com, serotonin syndrome is a rare, yet dangerous condition in which high levels of serotonin build up in the body. Potential symptoms to be aware of include agitation, confusion, dilated pupils, nausea and vomiting, rapid heart rate and hypertension with heavy sweating, seizures and unconsciousness. This syndrome is a medical emergency.
Hypertension
Another serious side effect of Effexor is that it may increase blood pressure. This medication alters the balance of the norepinephrine, which can result in increased pressure in the arteries and veins. The bottom line is that hypertensive changes can strain the heart, so blood pressure should be checked regularly while taking this drug--especially if there are complaints of chest pain.
Tachycardia
In addition to blood pressure spikes, taking this antidepressant also may lead to another potentially serious cardiac effect. Specifically, it can cause an irregular heart beat or rapid changes in heart rate, also known as tachycardia. This vital sign also should be checked along with blood pressure on a regular basis while on Effexor.
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