Prostate cancer begins in the prostate, a walnut-shaped gland that helps produce seminal fluid that feeds and carries sperm. According to MayoClinic.com, prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men. Prostate cancer often grows slowly and remains confined to the prostate gland, causing little harm and requiring minimal or no treatment. Frequent screenings can promote early detection, which offers the best chance of a successful recovery.
Trouble Urinating
Difficulty urinating is often one of the first signs of prostate problems. For some men, this can mean not being able to control when they urinate, not being able to maintain a steady stream of urine or not being able to urinate at all. When the prostate gland enlarges, it may constrict the urethra, not allowing urine to pass normally. In advanced prostate cancer, tumors may also spread to the spine, pressing on nerve endings, causing loss of bowel or bladder control. Trouble urinating is not a definitive sign of prostate cancer. Non-cancerous conditions known as prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia may also cause urinary problems.
Blood
Blood in urine or sperm occurs due to an enlargement of the prostate gland, which may mean cancer. The amount of blood in urine or sperm may be so small that it is invisible except under a microscope. More obvious signs of blood in urine or sperm may mean that the cancer has progressed to an advanced stage and may need a more aggressive form of treatment.
Leg Swelling
Swelling of the leg during prostate cancer most often occurs due to pressure on the lymph nodes in the area, causing a condition known as lymphedema. Lymphedema occurs due to blockages of small vessels that carry fluid out of the body's tissues and back into circulation. Leg swelling in prostate cancer may also occur due to kidney failure. Advanced prostate cancer that has metastasized to the bladder may press against the tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder, blocking urine flow and leading to kidney failure. Leg swelling caused by kidney failure will likely also cause itchy skin, fatigue and changes in urine output.
Bone Pain
The American Cancer Society says that advanced prostate cancer commonly spreads to the bones, causing pain to the ribs, spine, hips and other areas. Cancer that has metastasized, or spread, to the bone causes the bones to become brittle and porous, allowing for minute fractures that lead to discomfort. These are especially common in the ribs and spine.
