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Age-related macular degeneration, or AMD, is the leading cause of blindness in the United States among adults age 55 and older, and according to the American Macular Degeneration Foundation, the disease affects more than 10 million Americans. As the baby boomers continue to age, the number of people with macular degeneration is expected to grow.
What Is AMD?
AMD is a chronic condition of the eye that causes central vision loss -- that means it affects the center area of what you see, as opposed to the edges or periphery. Most of the things we do every day require central vision. This central vision loss is caused by damage to the center of the retina, otherwise known as the macula. For some people, AMD progresses slowly; for others, it may progress faster.
The Role of the Retina and Macula
The retina is the light-sensitive area found at the back of the eye that is critical to seeing. It turn light into electrical impulses that travel along your nerves and send signals to your brain. Your brain works with your retina to perceive what you are looking at. If the macula is damaged because of AMD, you'll have blurred central vision. You may also notice that straight lines seem wavy.
Living With Macular Degeneration
If you have lost some sight from AMD, ask your eye care professional about low vision services and devices that may help you make the most of your remaining vision. Many community organizations and agencies offer information about low vision counseling, training and other special services for people with visual impairments. Don't be afraid to use your eyes for reading, watching TV and other routine activities. Normal use of your eyes will not cause further damage to your vision.
What Research Is Being Done?
Scientists at the National Eye Institute and elsewhere are studying the possibility of transplanting healthy cells into a diseased retina. They are also evaluating families with a history of AMD to understand genetic and hereditary factors that may cause the disease, and evaluating anti-inflammatory treatments for the wet form of AMD.
Can Lifestyle Make a Difference?
Certain lifestyle choices can play a role in reducing your risk of developing AMD. People who eat a healthy diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables and omega-3 fatty acids are less likely to develop AMD than others. It's also a good idea not to smoke, to maintain a normal blood pressure, and to watch your weight and exercise.
