Several supplements, including fish oils, glucosamine and chondroitin combinations and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), may contribute somewhat to joint health, and relieve joint pain associated with several medical conditions, by repairing and building cartilage on bones and reducing inflammation. Although these joint health supplements are safe to use as directed, according to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, all dietary supplements should be discussed with a physician to avoid possible interaction with other medications or treatments.
Fish Oils
Fish oil supplements are rich in omega-3 fatty acids that support joint health by reducing inflammation that causes pain and stiffness. Omega-3 fatty acids help diminish both the type and duration of joint pain from rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and the gynecological condition dysmenorrhea, according to the results of 17 scientific studies analyzed at York University in Toronto and published in a 2007 issue of the journal "Pain."
Glucosamine and Chondroitin
Sometimes sold separately and sometimes combined, glucosamine and chondroitin are promoted as supplements that contribute to joint health. Although widely used to self-treat joint pain associated with osteoarthritis, particularly knee pain, many years of clinical studies have shown conflicting results from the use of glucosamine and chondroitin supplements that prevent experts from making firm recommendations. Overall, the results of the Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT), published in the June 2008 issue of "Arthritis and Rheumatism," found no significant differences between chondroitin, glucosamine or combination supplements when compared to each other and to a placebo. A follow-up to the GAIT, published in a 2010 issue of "Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases," showed that glucasamine alone was somewhat more effective in relieving knee pain associated with osteoarthritis than either chondroitin or a combination of glusasamine and chondroitin.
GLA
Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) is a plant-based omega-6 fatty acid found in borage, evening primrose, hemp and black currant oils. A 2001 Bournemouth University, UK, review of several studies indicates a potential benefit from using GLA supplements to treat joint tenderness, pain and morning stiffness associated with rheumatoid arthritis. This analysis questions the methods and quality of the existing studies, however, and recommends further research to determine an appropriate course of treatment.
Other Supplements
Several herbs and spices, such as turmeric, ginger and thunder god vine, a plant extract used in traditional Chinese medicine, purportedly have an anti-inflammatory effect that may support joint health, but as of 2010, no studies have been performed to determine safe and effective doses for any of these supplements. Larger and more studies are necessary before any recommendations can be made, says the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
