Ambien is a brand-name prescription medication indicated for the treatment of insomnia. It contains the generic drug zolpidem, making it a controlled substance. It comes in 5 mg and 10 mg tablets and disintegrating tablets that dissolve in the mouth or throat. It also comes in an oral spray. Extended-release tablets are available; they contain 6.25 mg and 12.5 mg of zolpidem. Several precautions should be followed when taking Ambien.
Daytime Drowsiness
The use of Ambien can lead to daytime drowsiness, especially during the morning hours. This can affect learning and work performance. It can also negatively impact driving ability; patients are cautioned to avoid driving while drowsy due to Ambien use.
Addiction
Some patients become addicted to Ambien. This is more likely in patients who are prone to drug or alcohol addiction. Addiction can lead to severe difficulty falling asleep and the need for stronger doses of medication, which is not recommended due to the increased potential for side effects.
Withdrawal
Some patients have experienced withdrawals after the cessation of Ambien use. According to Drugs.com, seizures, anxiety, tremors, behavioral changes, stomach pains, severe insomnia, sweating and vomiting may occur during this withdrawal. Physicians often wean patients from Ambien to lessen or eliminate the symptoms of withdrawal.
Anaphylactic Shock
Patients may experience a severe allergic or hypersensitivity reaction, leading to anaphylactic shock, explains the "2010 Lippincott's Nursing Drug Guide." Symptoms of a severe reaction include a swelling under the skin or swelling of the mouth, tongue, throat or face. Throat-swelling can lead to life-threatening breathing difficulties. Low blood pressure and loss of consciousness may develop as anaphylactic shock worsens.
Geriatric Confusion
Elderly patients over the age of 64 are at risk of becoming confused after taking zolpidem. This confusion, known as acute brain syndrome, is usually reversible. The effect can last for hours or be continuous if Ambien is taken repeatedly. Elderly patients are encouraged to take the smallest dose of Ambien to avoid this effect.
Alcohol Interaction
Drugs.com explains that the use of alcohol increases the severity of adverse effects, especially drowsiness. Alcohol should be avoided while taking Ambien.
Adverse Effects
Patients taking Ambien should be alert for the following side effects: aggression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, depressed mood, hallucinations and risky behaviors. Unchecked, these feelings and behaviors can be hazardous to health. Other potentially harmful side effects include blurry vision, double vision, amnesia and poor coordination.
References
- "2010 Lippincott's Nursing Drug Guide"; Amy M. Karch, R.N., M.S.; 2010
- Drugs.com: Ambien
- Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry; "Seizure Following Sudden Zolpidem Withdrawal"; WJ Kubala, et al; 2007
