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Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder in which small, dilated blood vessels causes redness of the nose, forehead, cheekbones or chin. It may come and go on its own, for no apparent reason, or it may be so minor that you don't even know you have it. But in its severer forms, and if left untreated, the face may become swollen and lumpy, and this appearance may become permanent. About half of rosacea sufferers also complain of symptoms with their eyes, also known as ocular rosacea.
Causes
The exact cause of rosacea is unknown, although it seems to run in families, which suggests at least a partial genetic basis. Women and people with fair skin are also more likely than others to develop rosacea.
Severity
Rosacea is primarily a disorder of the facial blood vessels. It is caused by the dilation of tiny blood vessels close to the surface of the skin. This causes the skin to break out with blotchy red areas called papules. These papules have three classifications: minor, moderate and severe. A minor rosacea papule is the size of a small measles lesion; a moderate rosacea papule is the size of a pencil eraser; a severe papule is the size of a coin and also contains pus-filled inflammatory bumps, called pustules.
Tips
Wash with water that is lukewarm, not hot, and use gentle, nonabrasive cleansers applied with the fingers, not a cloth. Blot your face dry, as opposed to rubbing it. Avoid any products that dry or irritate the skin, including makeup. If do you wear makeup, choose only oil-free or noncomedogenic products. Apply at least an SPF 8 sunscreen every day to prevent UV-induced symptoms. The sun is a common cause of flare-ups. Finally avoid alcohol, hot beverages and spicy foods.
Treatment
It's important to see a dermatologist who can evaluate your condition and work with you to devise a treatment plan. When you have a flare-up, treat it sooner than later to prevent long-term damage. Some dermatologists prescribe tetracycline for rosacea, and some prescribe retinoids, which are related to vitamin A. Laser therapy is sometimes used to minimize the appearance of blood vessels and remove excess tissue around the nose.
