PMS, or premenstrual syndrome, is a condition that can affect women prior to or during the menstrual period. Symptoms include bloating, headache, fatigue and psychological symptoms such as mood swings and irritability. Mood swings during PMS can be made worse by stress, poor diet and lack of sleep, though the exact cause is not known. Understanding the nature of mood swings during PMS can help lessen its effect on relationships, career and other life aspects.
Causes
While no single cause has been found for PMS, the condition is thought to stem from hormonal sensitivities that affect levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. According to Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Women's Health, mood swings that occur during PMS are likely linked to deficits in serotonin--a neurotransmitter responsible for regulating mood, sleep and appetite.
Symptoms
While PMS often includes physical symptoms like bloating and headache, the mood swings that occur can manifest in many ways. Unprovoked crying, difficulty concentrating and isolation are common in women with PMS. Uncharacteristic outbursts of anger may also occur and can lead to trouble at work and in the home.
Fatigue is another common symptom that can be linked to the emotional ups and downs of PMS-related mood swings. Other potential symptoms include anxiety, irritability and depression.
Effects
Mood swings can cause many problems for women with PMS, especially when the people around them are unaware of their condition. Arguments with friends, coworkers and romantic partners can lead to turmoil in the home or workplace. Erratic behavior and poor concentration on the job can lead to conflicts and possible job loss, further compounding the stress of PMS-induced mood changes. Fluctuating energy levels may make it difficult to complete tasks and fulfill duties, while anxiety and nervousness can impair a woman's ability to communicate effectively.
Prevention/Solution
Observing basic healthy living guidelines can be of tremendous help in alleviating PMS symptoms. According to Mayo Clinic, eating a diet rich in complex carbohydrates while avoiding excess salt, caffeine and alcohol may help reduce mood swings. Regular exercise helps boost production of neurotransmitters like serotonin, while extra sleep and relaxation are often warranted to keep stress levels in check.
In some cases, treatment with an antidepressant medication like fluoxetine can help prevent serotonin-related mood swings. More commonly known as Prozac, fluoxetine is sometimes prescribed under the brand name Sarafem for intermittent use in women with PMS.
Considerations
While most women have experienced one or more symptoms of PMS at some point, not all women suffer from true PMS. If your symptoms do not respond to lifestyle changes, see your doctor to rule out other conditions such as premenstrual dysphoric disorder, or PMDD--a more severe form of PMS that often requires additional treatment.
