The term "astigmatism" refers to an abnormal shape of the cornea of the eye. Normally, the cornea is smooth and round, thus enabling it to bend incoming light in a fashion that focuses it on a very exact point at the back of the inner eye, or retina. The ability of the cornea to do this effectively has a lot to do with clarity of vision.
In the condition of astigmatism, this normally round, smooth surface is compromised and altered to the point where the curvature is no longer smooth and constant. It can become wavy, or elongated in shape. This alteration in the normal smoothness and curvature causes the light rays to focus abnormally at that back of the eye, causing such problems as blurred vision.
Astigmatism can be inherited or acquired; therefore one can be born with this condition, so heredity is considered a cause.
One cause of astigmatism is the effects of scar formation on the external portion of the cornea that can frequently occur as the result of infection. Microorganisms, as well as the direct pressure from pus formation that can adhere to the tissue are largely responsible for the destruction of the normal smooth, round texture to the cornea.
Another, non-hereditary cause of astigmatism can be from blunt trauma inflicted on the eye itself. Injuries of this nature can be caused from flying objects striking the eye, ranging from dust particles to large items such as baseballs. Chemical injury caused by direct contact of the solution with the cornea is a potential hazard seen in many professions.
Additionally, astigmatism can be caused by other eye conditions such as ptosis, or drooping of the eyelids, where persistent pressure on the cornea from the drooping eyelid can directly cause irregularities to the corneal surface. Even surgical procedures such as cataract excision, keratotomy and/or lasik procedures have the potential of causing residual corneal surface distortions after surgery.
With all the potential hazards that can affect the eye, as well as overall eye health, doing whatever it take to protect the eyes from disease, injury and infections can greatly reduce potential problems. Wearing safety glasses or goggles at work or during sporting activities can protect against abrasions and lacerations of the eyes.
Frequent hand washing by health care workers as well as good personal hygiene can greatly reduce the incidence of disease and infection transmission that can affect they eyes and potentially damage corneal surfaces.
The eyes are miraculous organs of sight, and should be treated with care and diligence to avoid unnecessary injury or damage to the surfaces that can affect how we see.
