Many things can affect that beautiful smile, and your teeth are one of the most visible parts of your face, especially when you are smiling. Having gum disease not only looks bad, but it can contribute to bad breath, discolorations of the teeth and surrounding tissues, and can actually cause some rather serious side effects.
Gum disease, otherwise known as periodontal disease (periodontitis), is an inflammatory condition that predominately affects the tissue surrounding and covering the base of the teeth. It is the leading cause of tooth loss. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gum tissue around and in between teeth and is usually present before, and can frequently lead into, gum disease. The inflamed gum tissue is a safe haven for bacteria to accumulate and proliferate. These bacteria can ultimately cause destruction of the tooth itself.
Some potentially dangerous side effects can present themselves as a result of gum disease, and many with systemic implications. For example, it has been clinically shown that people undergoing joint replacement surgery for arthritis are at significant risk for infection of the prosthetic joint if there is any level of periodontal disease present before or after the surgery. It is mainly because the bacteria present in the gum tissue can be "seeded" to other places in the body with any manipulation of the gum tissue, even brushing or flossing. In this instance, it is imperative that any form of gum or periodontal disease be addressed and resolved prior to considering joint replacement surgery. If infection sets into a prosthetic joint, it can be absolutely devastating.
Because gingivitis is a problem that involves the presence of bacteria in the gum tissue, there is clinical evidence that suggests a relationship exists between these microorganisms and the increased risk for heart attack and possible stroke. Theories suggest a correlation between microorganisms entering the bloodstream and causing plaque buildup and inflammation to coronary arteries. Many people who have suffered strokes have been found to have preexisting periodontal disease, suggesting a similar correlation. Furthermore, bacteria in gum tissue can give off dangerous toxins that can destroy bones in the jaw and the underlying structures of the teeth, leading to tooth loss.
Another side effect of gum disease is persistent bleeding of the gums, which, in persons with blood disorders or who are on long-term blood thinners, can have effects on the hemoglobin levels in the blood and provide open sore areas ripe for bacterial invasion.
Good oral hygiene, awareness of personal medical conditions that may affect the health of teeth and gums, and regular dental visits for cleaning and screening can go a long way in the prevention of gum disease. For those who already have gum disease, regular clinical visits are extremely important in the care and eventual resolution of the disease.
