The Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 mandated that public buildings be accessible to mobility impaired individuals, including those in wheelchairs. Ramps make it easier for people in wheelchairs or who use walkers and canes to dine, shop, and do business. Handicap ramps must meet certain requirements in order to be ADA compliant.
Slope
The less steep the ramp, the easier for everyone to negotiate. Handicap ramps should be as shallow as possible. The ADA specifies that the maximum slope for a ramp should be one foot of rise for every 12 feet of run with a maximum total rise of 30 inches.
Landings
Handicap ramps should have level landings at the top and bottom. A level ramp prevents a wheelchair from sliding backwards; it also provides a place for a person on crutches or with a walker to pause and rest. Ramps that turn need a landing at the turn. Landings should be at least as wide as the ramp and at least 60 inches long. Landings at ramp turnings should be 60 inches by 60 inches.
Width
Ramps should be a minimum 36 inches wide. Ramps can be wider, but not narrower. This allows plenty of room for a wheelchair to maneuver.
Hand Rails
Ramps should have handrails no more than 28 inches high. If children will regularly use the ramp, such as at a school, there should be a second set of handrails at least 9 inches below the top rail. You need rails on each side for any ramp that rises more than 6 inches. Railings aren't required on curb ramps.
Edge Protection
Ramps should have curbs at least 2 inches high, railings or some other means of keeping people from slipping off the edge of the ramp.
Surfaces
Outdoor ramps should be graded so that water does not stand on them after rain. The ramp surface should be non-slip.
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