A colonoscopy is a medical procedure in which a long flexible tube known as a colonoscope is inserted into the colon in order to detect colon abnormalities. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, a colonoscopy can help detect abnormal growths, sites of bleeding and colon inflammation. A colonoscopy can also help diagnose causes of changes in bowel habits and unexplained weight loss.
Detection of Colorectal Cancer
According to the American Gastroenterology Association, a colonoscopy is mainly conducted to detect and treat colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is the cancer of the colon and rectum, and in many cases can be cured if discovered early. Polyps or abnormal growths that may become cancerous are removed through a procedure known as polypectomy. The gastroenterologist also conducts a biopsy, which is the removal of a tissue sample from the colon in order check for cancer and other abnormalities.
Identify Sites of Bleeding and Inflammation
A colonoscopy can help identify areas of the colon and rectum that are bleeding. Areas of the colon may become inflamed due to certain diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. A colonoscopy helps diagnose patients with such diseases.
Changes in Bowel Habits and Unexplained Weight Loss
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, patients with colon abnormalities often experience changes in bowel habits such as constipation or diarrhea. Patients may also lose weight because of inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. A colonoscopy can detect these colon abnormalities.
