Millions live with chronic back pain. Back pain can be caused by problems or injuries to the muscles, bones, ligaments or tendons. It can also be the result of a disc injury. Since there are so many conditions that can lead to back pain it is important to have the cause of the symptoms properly diagnosed. Spine disc pain requires a different approach then muscular problems. In addition, the severity and location of the injury will also dictate what treatment approach is best. If back pain is due to a disc, it is important to understand the causes so that the right plan or treatment can be formed.
The spinal column contains 33 vertebrae which provide support and structure for the body and protect the spinal cord, the Mayfield Clinic notes. The vertebrae run from the base of the skull to the tailbone. In between the vertebrae are disks which are filled with a jelly like fluid. Discs provide cushioning between the bones and they prevent friction as the spine moves. Injuries to the discs can cause a wide variety of symptoms, including pain. Disc problems are most common in the low back and neck, but problems can happen anywhere along the spinal column.
Causes
With age and normal wear and tear the discs experience fluid loss, and they begin to dry out. This is a common condition and it can occur without ever causing any symptoms or problems, according to the Cedars Sinai website. Most individuals over age 60 have some degeneration of the discs and some never experience complications. Problems occur when the discs remain intact but bulge out of place, a condition called herniation, or they tear slightly so that some of the jelly like fluid escapes, or they completely rupture. With any of these situations, the disc or the fluid can compress nearby nerves, tissues or muscles and cause pain. Age related changes, injuries or diseases such as arthritis can all cause a disc to herniate or rupture.
Diagnosis and Symptoms
In order to diagnose whether there is a disc problem causing pain it is necessary to have a complete medical exam. A physician can review the history of symptoms plus perform a physical exam. In addition, X-rays and MRIs can show disc that are out of place or damaged and the extent and location of any injury. Disc injuries can cause pain that is sharp or dull and may be accompanied by sensations of numbness and tingling. Muscle weakness can also occur if the nerves are compressed significantly. With disc problems it is common that certain movements make the symptoms worse while some positions relieve the symptoms. The symptoms may be isolated to the back or they can radiate into the arms or legs.
Treatments
Conservative treatments for spinal disc pain are always the first choice unless symptoms are so severe that they interfere with everyday life. Pain that hinders the ability to walk or nerve compression that causes a loss of bladder or bowel function are typical reasons that surgery would be considered right away. According to FamilyDoctor.org, the website of the American Academy of Family Physicians, disc problems often get better on their own within about a month. Initially it may be necessary to take medications or get injections for the symptoms. Rest, ice and heat may be used as well. Surgery to remove all or part of the disc can be an option if conservative methods fail.
Prevention/Solution
Managing pain from disc problems often requires implementing lifelong preventative measures to help stop symptoms from returning. This includes shedding any extra pounds as extra weight places extra pressure on the back. A physical therapist can demonstrate exercises to help stretch and strengthen the back muscles to help keep symptoms in check and prevent a worsening of the condition. It will be important to always use good body mechanics and maintain proper posture to help reduce strain on the back. The Mayo Clinic states that some patients find relief through yoga, massage, acupuncture or chiropractic care. Managing stress can help to keep muscle tightness and tension under control which may also help to reduce symptoms.
