Anxiety is a mental state characterized by racing thoughts, excessive worry and fear. When it occurs on a regular basis, anxiety may be considered a chronic condition. Many treatments address chronic anxiety, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, medication and lifestyle modifications. In some cases, natural supplements may help improve symptoms of chronic anxiety as effectively as pharmaceutical medications and other therapies.
Herbs
Herbs with calming properties are often used to treat anxiety. Kava, passionflower and valerian root are some of the most popular anxiety supplements, though there are many others. Kava, or Piper methysticum, is a member of the pepper family that has been used in the Pacific Islands for centuries in traditional ceremonies and rituals. Valerian root, also known as "nature's Valium," is a herbal relaxant used historically by Native Americans to treat conditions ranging from menopause to insomnia. Passionflower, or Passiflora incarnata, is popular around the world for its sedating properties.
Effects
Sedating herbs like kava, passionflower and valerian have distinct effects on the mind and body. On a physical level, these supplements tend to slow heart rate and breathing while inducing relaxation of muscles throughout the body. Psychological effects generally include slowed cognition accompanied by feelings of increased relaxation, tranquility and calm. In some cases, these supplements may induce sleep, which can be desirable in those with insomnia or acute anxiety.
Pharmacology
According to the Office of Dietary Supplements, valerian root affects GABA---a neurotransmitter responsible for muscle tone and mental relaxation. It raises levels of GABA in specific parts of the brain while simultaneously preventing its destruction, resulting in increased mental and physical relaxation.
Many sedating herbs and medicines primarily affect the GABA neurotransmitter system. Both kava and passionflower are thought to increase levels of GABA, as do alcohol, benzodiazepines and many sleep aides.
Side Effects
Like all medicines, herbal supplements carry the potential for side effects. According to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, kava has been implicated as a cause of severe liver damage in several people taking the supplement. While more information is needed regarding the exact cause of liver damage, users should be cautioned about this effect.
More common side effects of sedating herbs include dizziness, sleepiness and stomach upset. Alcohol and other depressants can increase the severity of these effects. Due to a lack of scientific testing by manufacturers, all potential risks of herbal supplements may not be known.
Warning
In rare instances, natural supplements can trigger allergic reactions and other life-threatening problems. If you experience difficulty breathing, throat swelling or fainting while taking supplements for anxiety, seek immediate medical attention. Never attempt to drive or perform other hazardous tasks under the influence of a herbal supplement until you know how it affects you.
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