Alcohol addiction, also known as alcoholism or alcohol dependence, causes physical and mental problems and disrupts social, family and job functioning. The disease involves physical and mental dependence on alcohol, according to Medline Plus. Drinking problems are not always easy to define, making it difficult to pinpoint people suffering from alcoholism. Some people only consider the possibility of alcohol addiction when problems surrounding their drinking become more serious.
The Development of Alchol Addiction
Alcohol addiction occurs over a period of time as drinking increases and the balance of brain chemicals begins to change, according to the Mayo Clinic. Because of these changes, people begin to crave alcohol to restore the pleasurable effects they have experienced. They develop a tolerance to alcohol. The alcoholic is unable to control how much or how long he drinks. Alcoholics continue to drink even though they know it is causing serious problems for them and their relationships.
Symptoms and Side Effects
Symptoms vary among alcoholics, but often include gulping drinks or intentionally becoming intoxicated, irritability when alcohol is not available or losing interest in activities or hobbies once enjoyed. Alcohol addiction causes physical withdrawal symptoms that include nausea, sweating and shaking, according to the Mayo Clinic. Alcoholics may drink alone or in secret, sometimes hiding alcohol in unlikely places at home, at work or in the car. Conversations or commitments become forgotten because of memory lapses or blackouts from drinking.
Deterioration
Alcohol addiction may lead to serious financial, legal, family or employment problems. The effects of excessive alcohol on the brain impair judgment. Alcoholics can remain in denial about their drinking until they are convinced to seek help. Over time alcohol addiction takes a toll on physical health, causing liver disorders, digestive problems, heart problems, sexual function, bone loss and neurological complications.
Causes of Alcoholism
Alcoholism has different causes among problem drinkers. Genetics plays a role for many alcoholics. People who have parents with alcohol problems are at increased risk for alcohol addiction. Being around friends or partners who drink often may increase the risk of alcoholism. An environment where drinking is acceptable may lead to dependence for people who are predisposed to alcoholism. Depression or other mental health disorders may cause people to drink too much, leading to alcohol addiction.
Prevention and Solutions
Alcoholism cannot be cured, but it can be treated, and many recovered alcoholics have stopped drinking permanently, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Treatment programs that include counseling and support groups help many alcoholics control their alcohol addiction. Medication helps reduce withdrawal symptoms, cravings for alcohol and feelings such as anxiety and insomnia that follow abstinence.
