1. Overview
There are many situations and pathological conditions that require a segmental fusion in the back (mainly the lumbar spine), and understanding what a fusion procedure entails is crucial to its overall success and for the best recovery possible.
Back fusion surgery requires that a segment of the bony portion of the spinal column be rendered permanently stiff, to where no motion occurs at that segment. This may include the use of special instruments and implants such as plates, rods and screws. Back fusion surgery is rarely a complete cure; rather it is a compromise of improvement.
2. Potential Risks
Back fusion, like any spinal surgical procedure, is a major undertaking not without its share of potential risks and hazards. It would be irresponsible to think that any surgical procedure is not risky, in particular procedures involving the spinal column, cord and nerves.
While surgery is generally safe, care must be taken to avoid complications from bleeding, nerve and vessel damage, infection and failure of the fusion to occur post-operatively. Proper understanding of what is expected of the patient before, during and after surgery can help minimize risks.
3. What to Expect After Surgery
Chances are that after spinal fusion surgery, activity may be limited to some degree, and certain movements, such as bending and lifting, will be discouraged. It may be necessary to wear supportive bracing for a period of time to restrict motion at the fusion site. If a bone graft is taken from the pelvic iliac crest area, there will be dressing and soreness over the area.
There will be considerable soreness in the back area, so movement in general will be difficult early in the recovery. In the long term, some loss of overall mobility in the back is to be expected.
4. Rehabilitation
Once the spinal segment(s) have been stabilized internally, it is necessary to compliment this with supportive peri-spinal muscular integrity. Having proper support and muscle tone, both in the lumbar area as well as the abdominal muscles, aids in reducing excess stress on the spine and operative site.
Walking can be an excellent aspect of overall rehabilitation and can strengthen the body in general as well. Restoring flexibility to the spine, relative to the surgical site, is important to overall back health. Strong legs and arms help to minimize the associated stress that can be placed on the back when sitting, standing and walking.
5. Care for Long-Term Success
After spinal fusion surgery, it is fair to say that the back is no longer "normal." But it is because of abnormality that fusion surgery is usually warranted in the first place. Learning to care for your back after surgery can enhance the quality of long-term recovery and help to reduce potential necessity for another surgery in the future.
One of the most important things to learn is your limitations. Knowing what activities are potentially harmful to your back can go a long way in helping to avoid future problems. Learn proper ergonomics, which is the proper way to hold your body during different activities, and organize your physical environment to be more back-friendly.
