Only two types of intrauterine devices have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Both types are shaped the same and function in much the same manner, but one type contains hormones while the other does not. The hormone-free IUD is also made of copper instead of plastic. The IUD is inserted into the uterus by a medical professional. Some cramping after IUD insertion can be expected, but persistent or severe cramps may be a sign of a problem.
Insertion Procedure
The beginning process of the IUD insertion procedure is similar to a woman's annual pelvic exam. When the doctor inserts the speculum, a medical device that helps open the vagina and reveal the cervix, the vaginal walls can be irritated. To insert the IUD, the doctor will use a special tool that holds the IUD until it is paced in the uterus. This tool and the process of inserting the IUD can cause some inflammation and tenderness. These initial proceedings and the IUD itself can cause mild cramping or spotting for several hours or a few days after the insertion. Planned Parenthood points out that cramping and even a backache can last for a few days. In a few cases, a health-care provider may perforate the woman's uterus or surrounding areas while trying to place the device. This can cause mild to severe uterine cramping and may require surgery for removal, according to the Hall Health Primary Care Center at the University of Washington Seattle.
IUD Movement
It is possible for the IUD to slip out of the uterus. Planned Parenthood suggests it can be a complete displacement or partial. When this occurs, the device will have to be removed and replaced because it is no longer effective. Some cramping can occur when the device moves or when it gets lodged somewhere else, such as the abdomen.
Infection
A uterine infection is not common, but it can develop as a result of the IUD being placed in the woman's body. When the uterus is exposed during this process, the risk of bacteria entering is increased. One example of an uncommon infection is pelvic inflammatory disease. Such infections develop within three weeks of having the IUD placed, according to Planned Parenthood. Symptoms of this type of infection include cramping and abnormal vaginal discharge that may be foul-smelling and unusual in color.
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