Gastric bypass surgery is a procedure designed to help obese individuals lose weight and reduce the risk for obesity-related diseases. According to the Mayo Clinic, gastric bypass surgery is the most commonly performed weight loss surgery in the United States due to its reputation for causing few complications. Though weight loss surgery is not intended as a "cure" to obesity, it can enhance the weight loss process and obese individuals' wellness significantly.
Requirements
A person must meet certain requirements in order to gain approval for gastric bypass surgery. According to the Mayo Clinic, the procedure is intended for people who aren't able to lose or manage excessive amounts of body weight through conventional means, such as diet and exercise, and for people who have obesity-related diseases. In addition, a person's body mass index (BMI) must either exceed 40 or fall between 35 and 39.9, and accompany weight-related health problems such as hypertension or diabetes. Lastly, long-term follow-up care, such as a reduced-calorie diet and exercise, is required for the success of gastric bypass surgery.
Types
The two primary types of gastric bypass weight loss surgery include Roux-en-Y (RYGB) and Biliopancreatic Diversion with a Duodenal Switch (DB-DDS). During the RYGB procedure, the stomach is stapled to form a small pouch and a passageway for food to move past, or bypass, part of the small intestine. According to the Mayo Clinic, RYGB is the most commonly preferred type of gastric bypass surgery. During the BP-DDS surgery, roughly 80 percent of the stomach is removed, but the pyloric valve, which, releases food to the intestine remains in place. According to the Weight-control Information Network (WIN), BP-DDS produces significant weight loss, but poses higher risks than RYGB.
Potential Benefits
Gastric bypass surgery may provide numerous benefits. In addition to substantial amounts of healthy weight loss, the procedure may reduce a person's risk for type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and cholesterol levels, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and sleep apnea--a serious sleep disorder common among obese individuals. According to the Mayo Clinic, these wellness improvements may reduce a person's risk for heart attacks and strokes, which can be fatal. On an emotional level, successful gastric bypass surgery may promote enjoyment of life, physical abilities and body image. As goals are met, a strong sense of accomplishment may also arise.
Risks
A number of complications may derive from gastric bypass surgery. Early complications may include bleeding, infections, blood clots in the legs and leaks from the incision. If blood clots or infections progress to other areas, such as the lungs or heart, they pose more serious risks. After time has passed, malnutrition may develop, particularly in patients who fail to take prescribed dietary supplements or to follow doctor-recommended dietary plans. Hernias and nervous system disorders may also result from malnutrition. A risk of regaining weight exists, as well. According to WIN, roughly 10 percent of patients who have weight loss surgery regain lost weight or attain unsatisfactory weight loss results.
Suggestions
The decision whether to have gastric bypass surgery is a major one. In addition to an extensive screening process led by medical practitioners, the Mayo Clinic suggests thorough thought and consideration. Since complications and positive results often correspond with a person's adherence to follow-up care, diligence regarding dietary lifestyle changes and exercise are strongly advised. People interested in weight loss surgery may benefit from altering lifestyle habits prior to surgery such as eating more healthfully and stopping smoking. The more knowledge a person reaps regarding the procedure types, personal requirements and potential risks prior to surgery, the better.
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