Swine influenza, or H1N1 influenza A, is a virus that was first detected in humans in the spring of 2009. It was referred to early on as "swine flu" because many of the genes in the virus were thought to be similar to influenza viruses that normally occur in pigs. Swine flu began to spread throughout the world and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in June of 2009.
Significance
Since swine flu emerged as a new virus in 2009 and had never been identified as a cause of illness in humans, most people did not have immunity. This lack of immunity led to many more people becoming sick during the summer months and subsequent flu season than usual. The virus spread quickly around the world and caused higher than expected deaths in younger people who were otherwise healthy. Initially, there was no vaccine available for the virus, but a vaccine is now available.
Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms of infection with swine flu are similar to that of seasonal influenza. Fever, chills, cough, sore throat, stuffy nose, body aches and fatigue are all indications of infection. In addition, some individuals also experience vomiting and diarrhea. Most people experience only mild illness and fully recover without needing treatment. However, antiviral drugs are available that may speed recovery and prevent serious complications. Medical care should be sought if shortness of breath or difficulty breathing occurs.
Considerations
Some groups of people have been shown to be at higher risk for developing flu-related complications. Pregnant women, children under 5 years old and adults over the age of 65 are more likely to experience complications that may result in hospitalization. People with chronic medical conditions, such as asthma, lung disease, heart disease, or with weakened immune systems may also be at risk for experiencing flu-related complications.
Prevention
Being vaccinated with the 2009 H1N1 vaccine is one of the most important steps in preventing infection with the H1N1 influenza virus. Some everyday actions can also help prevent the spread of this person-to-person respiratory infection. Hand-washing with soap and water or an alcohol-based sanitizer and avoiding close contact with sick individuals may help protect against contracting influenza. Other actions to prevent infection include avoiding touching your mouth, eyes and nose, reducing time spent in crowded spaces and practicing overall good health habits, such as getting adequate sleep, eating nutritious food and being physically active.
Decline
While the virus continues to circulate, transmission levels have declined. Most countries in the world have had confirmed cases of H1N1, and more than 18,000 deaths have been confirmed worldwide as of 2010. However, travel restrictions due to swine flu activity have been lifted. Several organizations, including the World Health Organization, continue to monitor the progress of the H1N1 pandemic.
