What Is Elderberry Extract?

Elderberry extract is made from the flowers and berries of the elder plant, which is native to Europe, Africa and parts of Asia. Elderberry has been used for centuries as a form of folk medicine and flavoring agent. Studies have shown elderberry extract to be effective in treating influenza and lowering cholesterol.

Definition

Elderberry extract is a concentrated preparation made from the elder plant. Native Americans and other cultures have used the berries and flowers from the elder plant for centuries to treat wounds, colds, influenza, respiratory conditions and cancer. According to Drugs.com, elderberry extract contains four anthocyanins, pigments that are high in anti-oxidants. Research led by Dr. Gerhard Rechkemmer of Germany's Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Food indicated that elderberry contains higher levels of anti-oxidants than beta carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E. Elderberry extract is produced in Germany, Italy, Austria and the United States.

Uses

Elderberry may be useful in treating bacterial sinus infections and may also possess antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. A 2004 study conducted by the Department of Virology at Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School in Jerusalem found elderberry extract to be an "efficient, safe and cost-effective treatment for influenza." Elderberry has also been shown to lower cholesterol and reduce stress, according to research conducted at Graz University of Technology in Austria.

Botany

Both American elder, Sambucus canadensis, and European elder, Sambucus nigra, can be used to make elderberry extract, but elderberry extract for medicinal purposes most frequently comes from European elder. European elder, also known as black elder, is a small tree or a large shrub native to Europe, Africa and parts of Asia and has also become naturalized in the United States. Black elder grows up to 30 feet and prefers sunny climates. Do not use dwarf elder, Sambucus ebulus, for medicinal purposes as it can be toxic.

Drug Interactions

Talk to your doctor before using elderberry extract if you are taking diuretics, using laxatives or undergoing chemotherapy. Elderberry extract should not be taken in conjunction with drugs that suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids, as it could reduce their effectiveness. You should also not use elderberry extract if you are taking diabetes medications. Elderberry extract may lower blood sugar levels and increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

Cautions and Side Effects

Only use elderberry extract that comes from a trusted source. Some parts of the plants are poisonous and can cause nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, numbness or impaired cognitive function. The leaves, seeds and bark, as well as raw or unripe fruit, contain a chemical similar to cyanide. Do not take elderberry extract if you are pregnant or nursing.