A colonoscopy is a procedure conducted by a gastroenterologist in order to view the inside of the colon and rectum. A colonoscopy can help detect colon abnormalities such as cancerous growths, colon inflammation and colon ulceration. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, patients are monitored for one to two hours after a colonoscopy in order to assess for side effects of the procedure.
Bloating and Cramping
According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, bloating and cramping may occur during the first one to two hours after a colonoscopy. Patients experience bloating and cramping because air is introduced into the colon during the procedure. Patients can relieve bloating and cramping by passing gas.
Drowsiness and Lack of Coordination
The American Society of Gastroenterology states that sedation drugs administered during a colonoscopy cause drowsiness and impaired judgment and reflexes. Patients are not permitted to drive or operate machines for 24 hours after a colonoscopy in order to allow sedatives to wear off. Patients should also avoid making important decisions until one day after the procedure.
Perforation of the Colon
According to the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, perforation through the walls of the colon and rectum could occur during a colonoscopy. Perforation of the colon requires surgical repair. Signs of colon perforation may occur several days after a colonoscopy and include bloody stools, weakness and dizziness. Patients should report these signs to the doctor.
Bleeding Colon
Bleeding can occur at the sites of biopsy and polypectomy, reports the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Biopsy is the removal of a sample of tissue from the colon for evaluation for cancer and other abnormalities. Polypectomy is the removal of polyps or abnormal growths in the colon.
Signs of bleeding from the colon include bloody stool, dizziness and weakness.
Gastroenterologists can control this side effect by injecting medications at the sites of bleeding and sealing off bleeding vessels with heat treatment. Heavy bleeding may require blood transfusions. Patients should seek immediate medical attention when they notice these signs.
Bacterial Infection
According to the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, bacterial infection may occur after a colonoscopy. Signs of bacterial infection include fever, chills and abdominal pain. Patients should report these signs of infection to the doctor so that he can prescribe antibiotics.
