Stomach acid that unnaturally flows backwards into the throat is a medical condition referred to as acid reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Overweight patients who have poor eating habits, smoke or use alcohol are at an increased risk of developing acid reflux symptoms, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center in Baltimore. Patients who experience recurrent acid reflux symptoms should consult a doctor for further evaluation and care.
Heartburn
Heartburn is the primary symptom experienced by patients with acid reflux. In fact, at least 60 million people in the United States experience heartburn symptoms a minimum of once per month, reports the University of Tennessee Medical Center in Knoxville. Heartburn is an acid reflux symptom characterized by a burning, painful sensation within the chest. Certain activities, such as lying down, exercising, bending over or eating, can worsen heartburn symptoms in affected patients. Mild heartburn symptoms can be controlled through the use of over-the-counter antacids, though more severe or frequent heartburn symptoms may require prescription medication from a doctor. Patients who experience heartburn symptoms more than twice each week should seek further evaluation and care from a medical professional.
Upset Stomach
Patients with acid reflux can develop an upset stomach as a symptom of this condition. Nausea, vomiting, belching, hiccups or stomach pain can occur in patients with acid reflux. These uncomfortable stomach upset symptoms may lead to a decreased appetite in certain patients. If these acid reflux symptoms persist or become worse, affected patients should contact a doctor.
Bitter Taste
When stomach acid flows up into the throat or mouth, patients with acid reflux can experience an unpleasant or bitter taste within the mouth. This acid reflux symptom may occur in conjunction with stomach upset symptoms and can contribute to a decreased appetite in affected patients.
Swallowing or Breathing Difficulties
Acid within the esophagus, the long tube that connects the stomach and throat, can lead to significant inflammation and irritation of the tissues of this body region. As a result, the esophagus can begin to swell and narrow, which can make it difficult for patients to swallow normally, explains the Merck Manual, an online medical encyclopedia for patients and caregivers. Inflammation of the respiratory tract can cause patients with heartburn to experience shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. These acid reflux symptoms can be accompanied by chest discomfort or wheezing in certain patients. Sudden or severe breathing difficulties can be a sign of alternate medical problems and should be reported to a doctor immediately.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Heartburn - Risk Factors
- The Merck Manual: Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
- University of Tennessee Medical Center: Acid Reflux Disease and Heartburn
- Children's Hospital Boston: Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)
- Cleveland Clinic: GERD or Acid Reflux or Heartburn
