R-lipoic acid is a form of alpha-lipoic acid, an antioxidant and essential coenzyme involved in glucose utilization and energy production in cells. While all forms of this enzyme are the same in terms of molecular structure, different isomers have variations in the arrangement of atoms. The R-isomer is considered the most potent since it's both water and fat soluble and readily penetrates cell membranes. Still, there are some potential side effects of R-lipoic acid.
Common Side Effects
Jane Higdon, Ph.D, of the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University, says that there are few serious side effect associated with the supplementation with alpha-lipoic acid in general, which would include R-lipoic acid. However, some people have experienced allergic reactions with intravenous dosages, including an isolated case of anaphylactic shock. Otherwise, the most commonly reported side effects from oral supplementation include hives, skin rash, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. In addition, PDR Health, the online version of Physicians' Desk Reference, lists headache, muscle cramps and tingling or "pins and needles" sensations as possible side effects.
Diabetes Complications
A team of German researchers led by Dr. C.H. Gleiter observed the effects of taking the antidiabetic drugs glyburide or acarbose in conjunction with racemic lipoic acid in 24 people. Racemic lipoic acid is a combination formula that contains 50 percent R-lipoic acid and 50 percent of its mirror isomer known as S- lipoic acid. The results, which were published in the December 1999 issue of British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, did not include any significant adverse side effects.
On the other hand, Dr. Higdon cautions that since this nutrient may increase glucose metabolism, in theory it could also increase the risk of hypoglycemia in people with diabetes who are insulin dependent. Therefore, it would be wise to consult with your physician before taking any form of lipoic acid if you are diabetic.
Biotin Suppression
There may be a conflict between R-lipoic acid and biotin, a member of the vitamin B family. According to Dr. Higdon, the two are chemically similar, so they may compete with each other. This assumption is based on a study published in the Journal of Nutrition in1997 that showed that high doses of lipoic acid administered intravenously significantly suppressed two biotin-dependent enzymes in the livers of rats. However, it's unclear if this effect also occurs in humans.
Pregnancy and Lactation
Talk to your doctor before supplementing with R-lipoic acid if you are pregnant, nursing or plan to become pregnant in the near future.
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