Discoloration of the skin tends to occur as people age, usually a result of sun damage that accumulates over the years. Other causes include acne, which can lead to superficial, discolored scarring and hormonal changes. Creams that treat discoloration work by targeting and decreasing the amount of melanin in the skin.
Creams That Contain Hydroquinone
Hydroquinone is one of the most effective skin bleaching treatments available today. It can be found in small percentages in many over-the-counter creams. It is also available in a more potent concentration by prescription. Hydroquinone can be used to treat sun spots, acne scars, age spots and even freckles. It works by breaking down the melanin in skin cells. Melanin is a substance found in skin that gives it its particular pigmentation. It is most dramatically increased by sun exposure. Hydroquinone decreases the amount of melanin in the skin, thereby lightening the dark area to match its surroundings. Talk to your doctor before using any product that contains hydroquinone because it may interact with other medications. Common side effects include irritation and sun sensitivity.
Creams That Contain Azelaic Acid
Though it is primarily used to treat mild to moderate acne, azelaic acid is also approved for treatment of discoloration, particularly as caused by pregnancy or the use of birth control pills. It inhibits the production of an enzyme called thioredoxin reductase, which is what causes hyperpigmentation. Unlike hydroquinone, azelaic acid occurs naturally. It can also be used to treat rosacea and discoloration left over from healed acne lesions. When combined with glycolic acid, azelaic acid is even more effective. It is available by prescription. You may experience tingling, itching, burning and stinging when using azelaic acid. Discontinue use and contact your doctor if you experience increased irritation that becomes bothersome.
Creams That Contain Mequinol and Tretinoin
Mequinol and tretinoin combined are effective in treating darkened areas of the skin. Regular use helps to fade dark age spots and liver spots. Mequinol is mainly responsible for breaking down melanin while tretinoin promotes skin renewal, and together they remove damaged layers of the skin to reveal the healthy, clear skin underneath. This medication is available by prescription under the brand name Solage. It should not be used on sunburned, chapped, broken or irritated skin. Talk to your doctor if you have eczema, vitiligo or if your skin is very sensitive to the sun. Do not use mequinol and tretinoin if you are pregnant or plan on becoming pregnant, as this medication can cause birth defects.
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