According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, more than 90 percent of individuals who undergo total knee replacement experience a dramatic reduction of knee pain and a significant improvement in the ability to perform common activities of daily living. Although surgical advancements have improved outcomes significantly, complications from total knee replacements can occur.
Blood Clots
Blood clots are one of the most serious complications that can arise following any surgery. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, a surgeon may prescribe one or more measures to prevent blood clots and decrease leg swelling, such as special support hose, inflatable leg coverings and blood thinners. Early walking and physical therapy are also helpful in reducing the likelihood of developing a blood clot. During recovery, a patient may receive a continuous passive motion device to keep his knee moving while he is lying in bed.
Infection
According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the most common causes of infection after total knee replacement surgery are bacteria that enter the bloodstream during dental procedures, urinary tract infections or skin infections. The internal area around the prosthesis is susceptible to any bacteria that enter the body for many months following surgery. Signs of infection include persistent fever of 100 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, redness and swelling around the knee, discharge from the incision and increased knee pain.
Decreased Range of Motion
A total knee prosthesis is designed to provide a patient with full extension, or straightening of the knee, and 120 degrees of flexion, or bending of the knee. This degree of movement is more than sufficient to enable a patient to participate in all activities of daily living and some recreational activities, such as golf, walking and swimming. Occasionally patients develop stiffness in the knee and have difficulty achieving and maintaining full range of motion. Physical therapy and a home exercise program emphasizing strengthening and range of motion are crucial to a successful outcome after a total knee replacement.
