Acne in and of itself can have devastating psychological effects, especially moderate to severe cases that lead to scarring. The scars remain as a reminder of the fight to clear the acne, leaving many people wondering what to do next. Unfortunately, there is no known cure for acne scars, but treatments are available to diminish and eliminate the aftereffects of acne.
Laser Treatments
Laser treatments are used for shallow scarring. There are two basic laser treatments: ablative and nonablative. According to the Mayo Clinic, with ablative laser resurfacing, a laser destroys the epidermis, or outer layer of skin, while heating the dermis, which is the underlying skin. As new skin develops, collagen growth is stimulated and acne scars fade away. Nonablative lasers are pulsed dye lasers that cool the epidermis instead of removing it, while heating the dermis. These lasers also aid in removing any redness associated with acne scars.
Dermabrasion
Dermabrasion treatments are used for shallow scarring and may aid in reducing the visibility of deeper scars. An electric machine uses rapidly rotating wire brushes to remove the epidermis. As with laser treatments, new skin is formed as the wound heals. Multiple sessions may be required for the desired effect, though they will likely be spaced out over the course of several years.
Punch Techniques
Punch techniques are a form of surgery to remove deep individual scars. Punch techniques use a process similar to that of a hair transplant. The scar is punched out and either removed or replaced with a skin graft or stitches; or the scar is left in the hole to naturally rise to the surface of the skin, providing a more even surface. Punch techniques are often used in conjunction with laser treatments or dermabrasion.
Subcision
Subcision is a surgical procedure used to detach scars from the deeper tissue. Blood pools under the scar, lifting it to the skin's surface, then coagulates to help form tissue underneath the scar. One to three treatments may be necessary for the desired effect, and subcision is often combined with dermabrasion or laser resurfacing.
Tissue Fillers
Tissue fillers are used for deeper scars and may be used in conjunction with subcision. A material is injected under the scar to bring it to the surface. The material is usually some form of collagen or body fat taken directly from the patient. Because the natural materials tend to deteriorate over time, regular sessions are required to maintain the effect. Sessions are typically required every six months, but with advances in materials being used, the time between sessions is lengthening.
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