Pinworms are small worms---about the size of a staple---that infect the intestinal tract. The parasite spreads from person to person through direct contact or by touching objects contaminated with pinworm eggs and then ingesting the eggs. Children are especially at risk for getting pinworms. The eggs develop into larvae in the intestines and mature within two to six weeks, according to the Merck Manuals. The female worms deposit eggs around the anus during the night and the eggs cause extreme itching. After diagnosis, treatment includes medications to eradicate the pinworms and preventing a recurrence of the condition.
Medications
Several medications are available, both over the counter and with a physician's prescription, to treat a pinworm infection. Common medicines include mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate and albendazole. Patients take two doses two weeks apart, according to the Merck Manuals. The first dose kills off the adult pinworms and the second dose will kill any worms that hatched after the first dose. Because the pinworms are highly contagious, caretakers and family members also need to take the medication. Common side effects of these medications include nausea, stomach pain and diarrhea.
Itch Creams
The eggs from the pinworms will cause intense itching around the anus. The irritation from the worms and frequent scratching can cause increased discomfort. Children scratching the area can transfer the eggs to the hands, especially under the fingernails. Without proper hygiene, the eggs will transfer back to the person or can transfer to other people. Using an over-the-counter anti-itch cream, such as hydrocortisone cream, may help decrease the urge to scratch. Individuals can apply the cream directly to the affected area, as needed. Using the cream to help prevent scratching will stop a possible reinfestation or contamination for others.
Hygiene
Practicing proper hygiene is essential to preventing the spread and recurrence of pinworms. The eggs will contaminate everything they touch, including hands, clothing and bedding. Bathing daily around the anus will help remove any eggs that passed during the night. Washing linens in hot water at least twice weekly will help control the spread of the eggs. Proper hand washing, especially after scratching the anus or before eating, will decrease the likelihood of transferring the eggs. Keeping the fingernails short and not scratching the area will decrease the risk of eggs getting under the nails and lowers the risk of transferring the eggs, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Additional items, such as towels, carpet, clothing and toys, need frequent cleaning.
