Colon cancer, which is cancer of the longest part of the large intestine, and rectal cancer, which is cancer of the end of the large intestine, are typically combined into the term colorectal cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. With the National Cancer Institute listing over 146,000 new diagnoses of colorectal cancer in the United States in 2009, early detection of the disease is crucial to successful treatment and survival.
Stool Problems
A fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is a test that checks for unseen blood in stool, which can signify precancerous colorectal polyps or cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. It can be done at home. A stool sample is smeared onto special paper and then sent to a lab for testing. A positive reaction that finds blood in the stool requires further examination with a colonoscopy. Another type of stool test that may be done is genetic testing that looks for abnormal DNA from cancer or polyp cells, explains the American Cancer Society. This is a newer kind of test and not widely done.
Imaging Results
Early colorectal cancer may be found during a routine colonoscopy, which is a procedure that involves inserting a narrow scope with a camera at the end into the rectum so the inside of the colon can be seen. If an abnormal area or polyps are found, a biopsy may be taken to microscopically examine the tissue for cancer or precancerous cells. Other imaging tests that can show any abnormal or cancerous changes include a sigmoidoscopy, double-contrast barium enema and a CT colonography, also called a virtual colonoscopy.
Bowel Habits
A change in bowel habits can be a sign of possible colorectal cancer. Having persistent diarrhea or constipation that does not go away, or passing narrow stools can be signs of cancer, notes the American Cancer Society. Stools that are abnormally dark or bloody, rectal bleeding, and feeling like the bowel does not empty completely, can all be early signs of colorectal cancer as well, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Bodily Symptoms
Other signs that can signal colorectal cancer include persistent fatigue or weakness, abdominal pain, unintentional weight loss and abdominal cramping. These symptoms can also be signs of other ailments, so it is important to be examined by a health care professional. If you are concerned that you might have colorectal cancer, talk to your provider about having further testing done that can more accurately diagnose the disease.
