Diverticulitis is an intestinal disorder that occurs when pouches in the intestine become inflamed and infected. Symptoms include abdominal pain, bleeding from the rectum, bloody stools, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, gas and bloating. A special diet can help prevent diverticulitis and support recovery from episodes of acute diverticulitis.
Prevention
A high-fiber diet can help prevent diverticulitis, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). Fiber softens and adds bulk to stool so it moves quickly and smoothly through the intestines without irritation. High-fiber foods include fruits, vegetables and whole grains like brown rice, whole grain bread and pasta, barley, oats, cornmeal, quinoa, bulgur and buckwheat. Fiber is also available in supplements like psyllium and flaxseed. The Mayo Clinic explains that fiber can cause bloating and gas, so individuals should add it to their diet slowly and drink plenty of water.
The UMMC notes that eating a low-fat diet and limiting red meat can also help prevent diverticulitis. Fat can be reduced by limiting or avoiding deep-fried foods and foods that are cooked with a lot of butter, oil, lard, shortening, cream and high-fat cheeses.
Acute Diverticulitis
During and after an acute diverticulitis attack, the intestines need time to rest and recover. According to the Mayo Clinic, following a clear liquid diet can accomplish this. Only transparent liquids like broth, soda, fruit juice, popsicles, gelatin, water, tea and coffee are allowed on this type of diet. Fruits juice and gelatin with fruit pieces or pulp, and coffee or tea with milk are not allowed. The Mayo Clinic warns those following clear liquid diets should be supervised by a physician, and these diets should not be followed for longer than a few days because they are nutritionally deficient.
A low-fiber diet is the next step after a clear liquid diet. Low-fiber diets help to decrease the frequency and size of stools, relieve abdominal pain and prevent diarrhea. Soft canned fruits, eggs, dairy products, white bread, smooth peanut butter, plain rice or pasta, tender meat, fish, poultry and soft-cooked vegetables are acceptable on a low-fiber diet. Raw fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts, seeds and tough cuts of meat should be avoided.
Long Term Management
People with diverticulitis should strive to eat a regular, high-fiber diet for long term management of the disease. The UMMC lists specific foods that have been associated with lowering the risk of diverticulitis including cucumber, lettuce, spinach and brown bread. General dietary guidelines for good health encourage diets that are high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products and lean proteins and low in fat, sodium and added sugar.
Supplements and Herbs
Supplements and herbs are alternative treatments for diverticulitis. According to the UMMC, supplements like glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics may improve digestion. Herbs used to treat diverticulitis include slippery elm, wild yam, cat's claw, marshmallow, licorice and chamomile. Individuals with diverticulitis should consult a physician prior to starting any alternative treatments, especially if they are currently taking prescription medications. Many supplements and herbs have not been proven to be safe or effective treatments for diverticulitis and are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.
Physical Activity
All individuals need to balance diet with regular physical activity. According to the Mayo Clinic, regular physical activity can benefit diverticulitis because it supports normal bowel movements and decreases intestinal pressure. Individuals should aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity a day to benefit health.
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