Hamstring muscle strains are common injuries that occur during normal athletic movements, such as running, jumping and kicking. Three muscles make up the hamstring muscle group: the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus. Each muscle runs down the back of the thigh and helps you to bend your knee and extend your thigh backwards. If not treated properly, symptoms can persist long after an initial hamstring injury.
The symptoms of a hamstring injury are directly related to the severity of the injury. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeon, there are three grades that describe the severity of injury. Grade 1 muscle strains include stretched muscle fibers; grade 2 muscle strains include a partial tear of the muscle or tendon fibers; and grade 3 muscle strains include severe damage or ruptures.
Muscle Pain
Immediately after a hamstring injury, you will notice a sharp pain in the back of your thigh. You may also feel a burning sensation or experience a "popping" feeling. Occasionally a cramp will occur, which is a sudden and involuntary muscle contraction resulting in more pain. The pain will either improve or worsen as the day progresses. The intensity and duration of the pain will depend on the severity of the injury.
Swelling
The body will often send blood to the damaged area after a hamstring injury, which causes swelling and tenderness. Once the damaged area has swelled it will be much harder to bend or extend the knee. Ice and compressive garments can help to control swelling. As with pain levels, the amount of swelling depends on the severity of the injury.
Bruising
Blood released from damaged capillaries near the injured site can result in a bruise. Bruises are easy to identify, as they are typically a purple-colored deformity under the skin. Bruising can occur immediately or two to three days after a hamstring injury. Occasionally the bruise moves down to the lower leg and foot.
Gap or Indentation
With more severe hamstring injuries, a gap or indentation may appear on the back of the thigh. These are signs of a complete tear or rupture and require immediate medical attention.
Reduced Mobility
Normal mobility is reduced after a hamstring injury, due to a loss of function. You will experience loss of muscle strength and reduced range of motion. Any weight-bearing activities will be affected, including walking, standing, jogging, straightening or bending your leg. Mobility will slowly return as the muscle heals and the pain and swelling are reduced.
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