Any pain that affects the teeth or the gums is considered a toothache. Some toothaches are mild and go away after a short period of time. These are sometimes the result of a minor gum injury, such as when food particles get caught in the teeth. However, some toothaches are severe and long lasting. These are often the result of a problem that requires treatment by a dentist.
Types
Toothaches generally come in two forms, according to Medline Plus. The first is a toothache caused by damage to the teeth. An injury to the jaw or mouth, tooth decay and an abscess are causes of this type of toothache. The second type of toothache is radiating or referred toothache. This is a toothache that is the result of a problem with another part of the body. Heart attack, earache and sinusitis are common causes of this type of toothache.
Symptoms
A toothache can cause different kinds of pain. Sharp and intense tooth pain is possible. It is also possible that the pain is dull and constant. Some toothaches are only noticeable when hot or cold food and drinks touch the affected area or when the tooth is touched, such as when biting down. The face near the tooth may get swollen and tender. Fever and feeling tired or sick are also possible, says Children's Hospital Boston.
Diagnosis
When visiting a dentist for a toothache, a full dental exam is usually done. This involves questions about the type of pain experienced and when the pain is present. X-rays and a visual check of the entire mouth are also necessary. If the toothache is thought to be from a nondental cause, other medical tests may be done to determine the cause.
Treatments
Over-the-counter pain medications taken orally or applied topically to the affected area can help reduce the pain of a mild toothache. More serious or persistent toothaches may require treatment by a dentist. If an infection is present, antibiotics may be prescribed. Tooth extraction, fillings, root canals and prescription pain relievers may also be used to treat the toothache.
Prevention
Proper oral hygiene requires daily tooth brushing and flossing, especially after eating or drinking. The Illinois Department of Public Health recommends brushing teeth for a minimum of three minutes per session. Because toothbrush bristles can wear out, replacing the toothbrush every three to four months is recommended. When choosing a toothpaste and/or mouthwash, make sure it has fluoride in it.
