Allergies are the body's response to substances that it perceives as a threat. Antibodies are produced by the body's immune system to protect against allergens. Allergy symptoms occur when histamines are released as the antibodies work to rid the body of the invading substances. The airways, sinuses, digestive system and skin are all capable of showing allergic reactions. Sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes, rash and diarrhea are a few of the possible symptoms. Severe allergic reactions can occur at any time and should be treated immediately.
Medications
Over -the-counter medications, such as Sudafed and Benadryl, can help control mild to moderate symptoms. Claritin D and other prescription medications may be needed for symptoms that become severe or out of control. Antihistamines, corticosteroids, eye drops and decongestants can be used in conjunction with one another depending on the types of symptoms you have and the severity of the allergic reaction.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is an option for people allergic to substances that are hard to avoid. Both inside and outside, people are constantly exposed to pollens, pet dander, and certain types of dusts and molds. Because many of these allergens are airborne, they are difficult to avoid.
Immunotherapy is a way of reducing the body's sensitivity to the constant exposure of airborne allergens. Injections are given on a weekly basis that contain small amounts of an allergen. Gradually the amount of allergen is increased and the body becomes less sensitive to it. After a maintenance dosage is reached, the shots can be spaced farther apart. Desensitization works best for hay fever and allergic rhinitis.
Epi-pens
In cases where the allergic is so severe that it causes the body to go into anaphylactic shock, epi-pens are available. People who are allergic to bee stings or certain types of foods carry epi-pens with them at all times. If symptoms of anaphylaxis occur, the person injects themselves with the epi-pen. This usually gives the person enough time to get to a hospital or for an ambulance to arrive. Epi-pens contain epinephrine, which works to reopen constricted airways and increase oxygenated blood flow.
