Normally, the lower esophageal sphincter closes after a person swallows to prevent contents of the stomach from escaping. Malfunctions in the esophageal sphincter, however, allows acid in the stomach to travel up the esophagus causing a painful condition known as acid reflux.
Prevalance
Dr. Joel Richter, chairman of the department of medicine at Temple University, states in an article in the New York Times Health Guide that 20 to 40 percent of the population experiences an acid reflux attack two to three times a week.
Symptoms
A painful, burning sensation in the upper chest and regurgitation of acid into the mouth are symptoms of acid reflux. Some people may become nauseated though this is not common.
Antacids
Antacids are not a long-term treatment solution for acid, but for short-term attacks that are infrequent, antacids can provide temporary relief from symptoms. Antacids are over-the-counter medications that neutralize the acid in the stomach.
H2 Blockers
Pepcid and Zantac are two examples of H2 blockers that reduce the amount of acid the stomach produces. H2 blockers do not relieve symptoms as quickly as antacids, but can treat acid reflux over a longer period of time.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
When symptoms are not relieved by H2 blockers or antacids, a proton pump inhibitor such as Prilosec, can help reduce symptoms in people who have heartburn more than two times a week. Prilosec takes longer to work than antacids and H2 blockers, but relief lasts longer.
Lifestyle Changes
Dr.Michael Picco of MayoClinic.com states that losing excess weight, eating smaller meals and avoiding certain foods can reduce acid reflux attacks. Refraining from smoking and drinking alcohol also reduces attacks of acid reflux.
