Hemorrhoids occur when veins in the anus and lower rectum become swollen and inflamed. Hemorrhoids can develop externally or internally. Hemorrhoids may develop as a result of straining during a bowel movement or due to increased pressure on these veins. For this reason, many women develop hemorrhoids during pregnancy given their weight gain. Hemorrhoids can cause itching, pain, discomfort and bleeding. They are often embarrassing but there are a number of treatments available.
Medications
The most common method of treatment for hemorrhoids is the use of over-the-counter medications. These medications are available in the form of creams, suppositories or pads. The active ingredients in these products are witch hazel, lidocaine or hydrocortisone. These products are generally effective in treating pain and itching but shouldn't be used for longer than a week. Side effects include a rash, increased inflammation of the anal veins and thinning of the skin.
The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends that patients take stool softeners to prevent straining during bowel movements. This can prevent the inflamed vein from rupturing as well as preventing constipation.
Rubber Band Ligation
Rubber band ligation is a treatment method performed by a doctor. With rubber band ligation, a specially designed rubber band is placed at the base of the hemorrhoid. After the rubber band is in place, circulation to the hemorrhoid is cut off. The hemorrhoid eventually withers and falls off with the rubber band.
The rubber band is applied while the hemorrhoids are pronounced, so bleeding may occur, states the Mayo Clinic. Bleeding may occur within the first two to four days but should clear up soon thereafter. This bleeding is natural and is not a cause for concern. Patients should monitor how they feel after the rubber band is applied and should the hemorrhoid not remove itself, the patient should notify her doctor.
Schlerotherapy
Schlerotherapy is a minor procedure performed by a doctor. With schlerotherapy, the doctor injects a solution into the hemorrhoid to shrink the tissue, causing the hemorrhoid to dissipate shortly thereafter. Schlerotherapy causes little pain because the affected area can be anesthetized before the injection. Although it is less painful, the Mayo Clinic indicates that it is less effective than rubber band ligation.
