A black widow is a poisonous spider found in most regions of the United States. It is recognized by its shiny black body and signature red hourglass figure on the abdomen. Although it is rare for death to occur from a black widow bite, there are some people who are at higher risk for complications leading to death. Small children, the elderly, and people who are in ill health are among these people. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, because the black widow's venom is a toxin attacks the central nervous system, medical care must be sought immediately after a bite.
Cold Compress
A cold compress can be a small hand towel wrapped around ice or a washcloth that has been dipped in cool water. The cold will reduce the swelling in the area of the bite, and will help slow the venom's course through the body. It is also recommended to elevate the site above the heart if possible.
Washing of the Area
As soon as the bite is realized, the wound should be cleaned with soap and water to reduce the risk of infection. This should be done gently, so as not to disperse the venom more than it needs to be.
Acetaminophen
Taking acetaminophen after a black widow bite serves two purposes: The first is to reduce fever that may come on because of the bite. Any time there is anything attacking the body from the inside, a fever occurs. The other purpose is to reduce the pain that the victim will feel.
Muscle Relaxants
DermNet NZ suggests the use of muscle relaxants to ease the discomfort of muscle cramping that happens after a black widow bite. The only purpose for these medications is to make the victim more comfortable until the cramping stops.
Antivenin
According to the Mayo Clinic, a bite may need antivenin medication to counteract the poison's effects. The antivenin that is used for a black widow bite is only used in the most extreme cases. Most times, a person will not need this medication to survive the bite. If it is needed, only a doctor will be able to administer the antivenin, and only in a hospital setting.
Blood Pressure Medication
The blood pressure rises significantly with a black widow bite because the heart is trying to pump enough blood through the system to rid itself of the poison. The only way to deal with this side effect is the administration of blood pressure medication to keep the levels at a less than dangerous level.
