Angina is a symptom of an underlying heart problem and presents as pain or discomfort in the chest, neck, shoulders or arms. The discomfort associated with angina occurs as a result of a reduction in blood flow to the heart muscles. The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute reports that an estimated seven million Americans suffer from angina and complications resulting in conjunction with this symptom include blood clots, heart disease and heart attack.
Reduced Blood Flow
The flow of blood reaching the heart can become blocked due to narrowing or clotting of the arteries, the American Heart Association says. In the case of unstable angina, which refers to unexpected chest pain occurring at rest, blood clots may form, dissolve partially and then form again. Stable angina, when the presence of chest pain occurs during physical activity or stress, may also result from blood clotting. In severe cases, reduction of blood flow from a clot causes complete blockage, further damaging heart tissue. MayoClinic.com notes that immediate medical attention may be required in the event of blocked arteries leading to pressure and pain in the upper body and chest area.
Progression of Heart Disease
Treated chronic stable angina can prevent further complications of the heart. This may involve interventions such as medications, surgery to improve blood flow to the heart or lifestyle changes. When stable angina is untreated, progression to unstable angina and heart disease can develop. Heart disease is further complicated by high blood pressure, inactivity and co-occurring medical conditions such as diabetes. The Heart Lung and Blood Institute reports that symptoms of progressing heart problems may include longer lasting chest pain and sudden onset in a resting position.
Heart Attack
The most severe complication associated with angina is the event of heart attack or sudden cardiac death. The U.S. National Library of Medicine explains that heart attack occurs when oxygen to the heart is blocked, causing the heart muscle to die or become permanently damaged. Cardiac arrest is the sudden loss of heart functioning and may not occur as a result of underlying heart disease. In the event of heart attack or cardiac arrest, recognizing the primary symptom angina and obtaining immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent death.
