Anal fissures are tears that occur in the lining of the anus or anal canal. Anal fissures can develop from trauma to the anus and anal canal. The pain and discomfort of an anal fissure usually gets worse during a bowel movement and the pain tends to remain a long time afterward. Following good elimination habits may help to relieve discomfort and promote healing of an anal fissure, as well as prevent recurrences.
Increase Fiber Intake
Increasing fiber intake facilitates bowel movements and prevents constipation. Fiber makes the stools softer and the soft stools lower the pressure that's put on the anal canal, states the Cleveland Clinic. Lower pressure on the anal canal can ease discomfort of any existing fissures and it can inhibit new fissures from forming. MayoClinic.com recommends obtaining 20 to 35 grams of fiber daily by eating fruits, vegetables and whole grains.
Fiber Supplements
MayoClinic.com recommends taking fiber supplements if it becomes difficult to achieve the daily fiber intake through food sources. Bulk-forming fiber supplements help soften the stools. Adding fiber to the diet may cause gas and bloating; gradually increasing the amount of fiber to the diet can decrease unwanted gastrointestinal effects.
Increase Fluid Intake
Drinking enough fluids not only assists in proper hydration but it prevents constipation, notes the Cleveland Clinic. Drinking plenty of fluids help to make the bowels softer, thus promoting easier defecation. The fluids should not contain caffeine because caffeine can cause dehydration.
Exercise
According to MayoClinic.com, exercise reduces constipation and promotes regular bowel movements. Regular bowel movements lessen the pain with existing anal fissures and also helps to prevent them from recurring.
Warm Bath
The Cleveland Clinic suggests soaking in a warm bath for 10 to 20 minutes to promote the relaxation of the anal muscles. Soaking in a warm bath after a bowel movement can also help ease the pain and itching. MayoClinic.com advises against the use of scented soap to clean the anal area. The perfume used in some of the soaps can irritate the area.
Avoid Straining
The Cleveland Clinic recommends avoiding straining or prolonged sitting on the toilet. Straining creates pressure and the pressure can open a healing tear or cause a new tear, notes MayoClinic.com. Wiping the anorectal area gently after a bowel movement can help to prevent new tears.
Medicated Creams or Ointments
Medicated creams or ointments can treat persistent or recurring anal fissures, reports the Cleveland Clinic. Specific creams heal the fissures and relax the anal muscles. Anesthetic ointments reduce the pain, especially if the pain interferes with having a bowel movement. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center warns against using hemorrhoid suppositories for treatment. The suppositories cause pain during insertion and they can tear the fissure even more.
