Medroxyprogesterone, an injectable contraceptive, is the generic for the brand name Depo-Provera. It is derived from the female hormone progesterone, and can regulate ovulation as well as the monthly menstrual cycle. It is specifically indicated only as a treatment to prevent pregnancy, and requires injections every three months. It is advised that medroxyprogesterone be used for less than two years unless other contraceptive methods are not suitable.
Menstrual Irregularities
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, irregular vaginal bleeding is the most common side effect associated with this contraception method, and occurred in more than 5 percent of the women on Depo-Provera during clinical trials. Specifically, this form of contraception prevents eggs from being released by the ovaries, which can produce intermittent vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods. Another menstrual irregularity associated with this drug is amenorrhea, or the complete absence of a menstrual period. Another related side effect is that of abdominal discomfort or pain, which also occurred in more than 5 percent of participants during clinical trials. Such concerns need to be discussed with the prescribing physician before beginning this treatment.
Weight Changes
Changes in weight have been reported as another common side effect of using this medication, as stated by MayoClinic.com. Data provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration indicates that, on average, women gain approximately 8.1 lbs. after two years of Depo-Provera therapy; women who used this drug for four years during a clinical trial gained an average of 13.8 lbs., and women who completed six years on the trial averaged a weight gain of 16.5 lbs. This side effect proved to be such a concern that it was the reason given for 2 percent of participants withdrawing from a large clinical trial.
Headaches and Dizziness
RxList.com indicates that other frequently reported side effects are headaches and dizziness, occurring in more than 5 percent of participants taking this drug during clinical trials. It is best to lie down to help reduce these symptoms.
Bone Density Loss
Food and Drug Administration officials warn that prolonged use of medroxyprogesterone can result in significant bone mineral density loss in some women, which can affect their risk for developing osteoporosis later in life. The risk for bone loss grows the longer the drug is used--and the damage may not be completely reversible. This is the main reason for discouraging using this product for more than two years.
Member Comments