The skeletal system is made up of all of the bones in the body and the tendons, ligaments and cartilage that help keep the bones and muscles connected. The main functions of the skeletal system are to provide support and protection and to allow movement. There are a number of diseases and conditions that can affect the skeletal system.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones lose bone mass and become very weak and brittle, thus increasing the likelihood for breaks. The breaks usually occur in the hip, spine and wrist, with the hip and spine fractures being the most cause for concern, according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation. The exact cause of osteoporosis is unknown, but strong links between lack of calcium and vitamin D in the diet and the hormone estrogen have been discovered. Because of this, women are more likely than men to develop osteoporosis. A combination of physical therapy, medication and hormone therapy is used to treat osteoporosis by slowing down bone loss.
Arthritis
Arthritis is a condition characterized by pain and swelling in the joints. This pain and swelling can lead to problems with movement and stiffness of the body. There are different types of arthritis and thus different causes, according to Medline Plus. Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that is associated with the normal aging process. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks its own joint tissue, causing inflammation and pain. A combination of physical therapy to maintain joint range of motion and medication to decrease inflammation is used to treat arthritis. In extreme cases, surgery may be a treatment option.
Bursitis
Between the bones and tendons lie fluid-filled sacs called bursae. Bursae act as a cushion and provide support so that in a healthy person, no pain is felt during ordinary movement. Bursitis occurs when one or more of these bursae become inflamed. This inflammation can cause pain, swelling and achiness in the joints. The shoulders, elbows and hips are the most common areas where bursitis occurs, as this are the areas that typically undergo the most movement, according to MayoClinic.com. Bursitis is caused by frequent, repetitive motions. Bursitis treatment includes applying ice to the inflamed area, resting the joint and taking an anti-inflammatory drug to reduce swelling.
Tendinitis
Tendons are fibrous cords that connect muscles to bones. Tendinitis, commonly known as golfer's elbow, is characterized by the inflammation of one or more tendons. The condition results in pain that is felt close to the joint. The most common parts of the body where tendinitis occurs are the shoulders, elbows, wrists and heels. Tendinitis is usually caused by repetitive motion of a particular joint, but can also be caused by injury. Medication and rest are usually sufficient to treat tendinitis. If further aggravated or left untreated, tendinitis can lead to rupture of the tendon, which may require surgery, according to Cleveland Clinic.
