The carotid arteries in the neck are the primary passageways for blood flow to the brain. Blockages and narrowing of the carotid artery are major risk factors for a stroke. Carotid artery stenosis, or narrowing, is caused by atherosclerosis, the hardening of the artery walls due to fatty deposits. Other causes of carotid artery blockage include blood clots and emboli, or blood clots or debris that travel from other areas of the body. Strokes require emergency medical care.
Headache
A transient ischemic attack, or TIA, is a mini-stroke that impedes the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the brain. The onset of a TIA or a full-blown stroke due to a blockage in the carotid artery can cause severe head pain. MayoClinic.com notes that headache may occur along with a stiff neck, nausea, vomiting or temporary loss of consciousness.
Confusion and Vertigo
MayoClinic.com lists symptoms of carotid artery blockage as confusion and vertigo or dizziness. Confusion may cause incoherent or garbled speech and even the inability to answer a simple question. Vertigo may also be severe and hinder the ability to walk or stand up from a sitting position unsupported.
Vision Problems
Carotid artery blockages may cause symptoms that affect the vision. The Texas Heart Institute notes that vision problems include the sudden loss of vision in one eye and blurred or spotted eyesight. The eyelid on one side of the face may also droop and feel heavy or weak.
Paralysis and Numbness
Weakness, numbness and paralysis are characteristic symptoms of a carotid artery blockage. The Texas Heart Institute explains that paralysis, weakness and numbness may be temporary symptoms if a TIA has occurred and may cause permanent and disabling damage to the body if caused by a stroke. In less severe cases, numbness or tingling on one side of the body may be early signs of a blockage in the carotid artery. These symptoms can involve the face, arm, hand, leg or foot. Paralysis and weakness of the muscles can cause difficulty or impairment in speaking, swallowing, walking and using the hand. Drooping on one side of the face, particularly at the corner of the mouth, is a characteristic sign of a TIA or stroke.
