Moles and freckles are both characterized by the Mayo Clinic as areas of increased pigmentation. They're a result of melanin clustering together to form a spot on the epidermis. Freckles always develop flat along the surface of the skin, while moles can manifest in a number of different ways. Though there isn't usually a medical need to remove either of these blemishes, especially when it comes to freckles, there are options available to reduce their appearance.
Moles
Also referred to as nevi or nevus, moles are either congenital or acquired, meaning they're something you're born with or develop after birth. They can be raised or flush with the rest of your skin and vary in hue from pinkish to dark brown, notes the American Academy of Dermatology. Most are about one quarter inch in diameter but may be smaller or larger. They can develop anywhere on your body, unlike freckles, which are confined to certain areas.
Freckles
Freckles are always acquired, meaning they develop after birth. They're a result of sun exposure, which causes the increased production of melanin, so you'll often see freckles develop on the face, nose, shoulders, back and arms. Much like moles, they vary in hue, ranging anywhere from red to light brown.
Mole Removal
Removal of moles usually involves some type of excision. A doctor or dermatologist either shaves or surgically extracts the mole from your skin. The Mayo Clinic explains that the size of the mole dictates the type of procedure used. Smaller moles require only shave excision and larger moles need an excisional surgery. Both techniques can be done in the doctor's office with a local anesthetic.
Freckle Removal
The removal of freckles is far less intensive than with moles. Creams containing hydroquinone--a bleaching agent--or retinoids, which are prescription derivatives of vitamin A, can lessen the appearance of most freckles. You can also diminish their appearance with chemical peels, cryotherapy or laser therapy, but these treatments are much more expensive than topical medications.
Considerations
The Mayo Clinic recommends monitoring moles that develop on the surface of the skin. Moles that are asymmetrical, large in diameter, change in size or irregular in border and color are more likely to become cancerous than other moles. Always consult with a doctor or dermatologist if you're unsure of a mole or other pigmented patches of skin.
