The Harvard Medical School defines anal itch as an irritation or itchy sensation around the anus, an opening in which stool passes through. Anal itch is not an illness; it is a symptom. There are serious and benign causes for anal itch. Proper examination may include a rectal exam or colonoscopy. Nevertheless, proper home care must accompany medical treatment.
Symptoms
Anal itching accompanies other symptoms, such as burning, soreness or pain around the anus, according to the Mayo Clinic. Itching and irritation at the anal orifice may last a few hours or for several weeks. Scratching the anus may cause lesions around the opening. Although most anal itching does not require medical attention, persistent itching or bloody stool requires examination.
Causes
There are benign and serious causes for anal itching. Benign reasons for anal itch include dry skin, excessive washing and too much moisture, according to the Mayo Clinic. In arid climates, moisture evaporates from the skin, causing dry skin. Scrubbing or wiping with harsh cleansers may cause irritation from excessive washing. The anus could also be irritated from excessive moisture. Sweating or dampness could result in stool sticking to the orifice, thereby irritating the opening.
Serious reasons for anal itch include infections, tears and tumors. Anal infection could result from sexually transmitted diseases or parasites. Pinworms are a common parasite that cause anal itching. Anal fissures, abrasions and fistulas are tears on or near the anus. These tears cause anal itching, as well as painful bowel movements and anal bleeding. Although rare, anal tumors may cause anal itching.
Tests
A general practitioner may refer you to a specialist, such as a dermatologist or gastroenterologist, if the cause for anal itching is not easily identifiable. A rectal exam is an initial assessment for anal itching. However, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy may be used for examination.
Treatments
There are several treatment options for anal itching. Depending on the cause, hydrocortisone cream or ointment are common treatments. This medication is available over the counter, but stronger versions are available by prescription. Zinc oxide may be used as a protective ointment, while antihistamines are used to reduce itching and irritation.
Home Care
Home care options for anal itching include gentle cleansing and drying, removing irritants and changing to a softer toilet paper. Gentle cleansing and drying work together to keep the area clean without irritation. Mild soaps should be used during cleaning and soft towels should be used for drying.
Avoiding irritants may include abstaining from scratching the area and changing your diet. In addition, wearing loose clothing may help reduce irritation of the anus, according to the Mayo Clinic. Using a soft toilet paper will help with topical aggravation.
