As your body ages, the natural production of skin-essential proteins called elastin and collagen begins to slow down. Elastin and collagen are responsible for providing your skin with stretch and volume. As the level of these proteins are reduced in the skin, signs of aging such as fine lines and wrinkles can occur. One option to combat these signs is the injection of dermal fillers by your dermatologist. Although effective, dermal fillers are temporary and should be repeated every few months, the Mayo Clinic says.
Collagen
Collagen is one of the most popular options for dermal fillers. Collagen injections come in human- and animal-based products, with animal-based products typically coming from a bovine source. As collagen is injected into wrinkled areas of the face, the product fills in the wrinkles, plumping them up and making them smooth with the surrounding tissue. If you choose a bovine or other animal-based collagen filler, your dermatologist will most likely perform an allergen test to ensure you don't have a negative reaction to the injection.
Fat
Your own body fat, or donor tissue fat, can also be used as a dermal filler. In this procedure, fat is taken from another area of the body using micro-liposuction and injected into the wrinkles or furrows of your skin. Like a collagen injection, fat replaces lost collagen beneath the skin, plumping the tissue until it's even with the surrounding tissue. Because fat transplants are typically from your own body, there is less risk for allergic reaction than bovine-based collagen injections.
Hyaluronic Acid
Another popular dermal filler is hyaluronic, popularly sold under the brand names Juvaderm, Restylane and Perlane. Once injected into the affected area, hyaluronic acid works by binding to and absorbing water. This action produces volume beneath the skin, reducing the look of wrinkles on the surface.
Polylactic Acid
Polylactic acid injectable fillers are a newer addition to the dermal filler market. According to a 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, polylactic acid helps stimulate the body's natural production of collagen, reducing the look of wrinkles on the face by smoothing and firming the skin. Unlike other dermal fillers, polylactic acid lasts up to two years, instead of only a few months.
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