Infected hair follicles, or folliculitis, occurs when the follicles become irritated or damaged by friction, blockage or improper shaving. According to USA Today's Health Encyclopedia, folliculitis is a leading cause of skin infection, with symptoms ranging from mild irritation to painful, inflamed bumps or boils. Staphylococcus aureus is the bacterium most often responsible for infecting hair follicles, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Without treatment, the infection may spread to surrounding tissues and lead to cellulitis or other complications.
Home Treatment
Mild folliculitis often responds to home treatment when caught early. The University of Maryland Medical Center recommends washing the area with soap and water or an antiseptic solution and applying moist compresses to encourage draining and ease inflammation. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications help relieve swelling and pain, and the Mayo Clinic says oatmeal baths can soothe irritated, itchy skin. Wash towels, washcloths and bed linens frequently in hot water to prevent spreading the infection. Recurrent cases of folliculitis associated with shaving may necessitate permanent hair removal, according to the New Zealand Dermatological Society.
Lifestyle Changes
Folliculitis typically develops on the neck or in the groin area due to improper shaving techniques or contamination with dirty razors. Using only clean, sharp razors and shaving in the direction of hair growth can help prevent ingrown hairs and infected hair follicles. Wearing loose clothing made of natural fibers encourages air circulation and reduces friction. The New Zealand Dermatological Society also suggests avoiding moisturizers when folliculitis is caused by a yeast and speaking with your doctor if you develop recurrent infections in areas treated with topical steroids, such as those prescribed for eczema. You may need a medication change.
Medications
When home treatments and lifestyle changes fail to clear the infection, topical or oral medications may be necessary. Most cases of folliculitis respond to treatment with topical antibiotics, such as mupirocin or bacitracin with polymyxin B. Oral antibiotics are prescribed for severe cases, or when cellulitis is suspected. Folliculitis resulting from a fungal infection is treated with antifungal medications. Carbuncles, or boils, may need to be cut open to encourage the drainage of pus from the infected follicle. Folliculitis is contagious, according to Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, and family members with whom you've shared razors or towels may also require treatment.
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