When an individual is no longer able to maintain a respiratory rate and effort that will support adequate oxygenation, he will require breathing assistance. One way to provide assisted breathing is with the use of a bag-mask device, also known as an Ambu bag (a trade name), manual resuscitator or self-inflating bag.
Indications
Maintaining a clear airway and being able to ventilate, or breath adequately, is essential for life. A person's ability to oxygenate and ventilate can be impaired because of edema, injuries or loss of consciousness. Foreign bodies, bleeding or other secretions can also obstruct the airway and cause problems with ventilation. When the airway is obstructed and breathing is diminished, using a bag-mask device can be an alternative until more definitive airway measures can be implemented.
Size
Bag-mask devices come in many sizes to accommodate infants, children and adults. The device consists of three sections; a mask, the inflating bag and an oxygen source. The mask is placed over the person's nose and mouth. The mask fits onto the adapter which is connected to the inflating bag, and the bag is then connected to an oxygen source.
Theory
When the bag-mask device is used, the mask creates a seal around the nose and mouth. The bag is squeezed, which forces air into the lungs. When the bag is released it self-inflates and draws oxygen in from the oxygen source. While the bag is self-inflating, the lungs are deflating in preparation for the next cycle of ventilation.
Considerations
The use of a bag-mask device requires skill and training, according to the American College of Emergency Physicians. These devices are generally used by trained personnel in the pre-hospital environment and within the hospital setting by physicians, nurses and respiratory therapists.
Complications
Although the use of a bag-mask device is used to save lives, there are complications associated with its use. Because the device forces air into the lungs, there is the potential that excessive pressure can cause gastric distention or bloating. There is also the possibility of a partial or complete collapse of a lung caused by the collection of air or gases in the chest or pleural space.
References
- "Emergency Nursing Procedures"; Jean A. Proehl; 2009
- The Free Dictionary: Ambu
- American College of Emergency Physicians: Focus On - Bag-Valve-Mask Ventilation.
