If you have inspected your feet recently and discovered that the nails are dark, thick and brittle, there's a chance that your toenails have been infected with a fungus. This form of infection, known as onychomycosis, most often occurs when a fungus called a dermatophyte invades the skin and nails. Dermatophytes thrive in warm, moist areas that are not exposed to sunlight, making feet an ideal location for growth. Wearing sweaty socks on a regular basis, walking barefoot in communal bathrooms, or improper foot care can all contribute to the growth of toenail fungus.
Discoloration
In the early stages of a fungal infection, a white or yellow spot may appear on the nails and gradually spread throughout the surface the Mayo Clinic states. The infection also causes debris made up of keratin and other substances to build up under the nail bed. The nail loses its clear and healthy appearance, becoming dull and lusterless. Depending on the amount of buildup under the nails and progression of the infection, the nail plates can become completely discolored, turning chalky white, yellow or dark brown.
Deformation
A fungal infection can alter the structure and composition of the toenails. In most cases, the continual buildup of debris creates a thicker, harder nail plate, says OurHealthNetwork.com. The nails also become deformed, lose their natural shape and sit uncomfortably on the nail bed. Although many symptoms associated with onychomycosis are not painful, the deformed nail may rub against shoe walls as you walk and cause discomfort.
Brittleness
Fungi aggressively attack the nails, depriving them of essential nutrients required for healthy development. If left untreated, the nails can become dry and brittle. Some forms of the infection, such as proximal subungual onychomycosis, can even cause the nails plates to become crumbly according to OurHealthNetwork.com.
Nail Separation
A progressed infection may force the nail plate to separate from the nail bed, a condition known as onycholysis, says the American Osteopathic College of Dermatology (AOCD). The separated area becomes raised and is cut off from receiving nutrients through the nail bed. In some instances, onycholysis is accompanied by soreness and foul odor. The AOCD also mentions that removal of the detached areas is necessary to treat the infection.
References
- Mayo Clinic: Nail Fungus
- Our Health Network: Nail Fungus
- Fixing Your Feet: Prevention and Treatments for Athletes; John Vonhof; 2006
- American Osteopathic College of Dermatology: Onycholysis
