Although most likely native to the Caspian sea region in southern Asia, grapes grew in southern Europe as far back as 3500 BC. Currently, Italy, France and Spain are among the biggest producers. These versatile fruits are popular fresh and dry as well as for making jam, juice and wine, but the hard seeds inside grapes also hold value.
History
The ancient Greeks used grapes medicinally, and elsewhere in Europe practitioners of natural medicine believed sweet grapes could treat conditions such as liver disease, eye infections and even cancer. More recently, scientists have suggested red wine consumption may be why the French have a low rate of heart disease despite their high-fat diet. The apparent health benefits may be due to the flavonoids in red wine, which are also present in grape seed extract, note experts from Iowa State University.
Active Compounds
Grape seeds contain high concentrations of vitamin E, flavonoids and linoleic acid. The most beneficial compounds are the flavonoids proanthocyanidins, also called OPCs or PCOs. These substances are powerful antioxidants that protect cells from damage. Grape seed is a more effective antioxidant than vitamins E or C. Linoleic acid may also offer health benefits. The body converts this acid into gamma-linolenic acid, or GLA, which may reduce inflammation.
Benefits
Supporting vascular health appears to be grape seed extract's greatest strength. Proanthocyanidins strengthen veins and capillaries, making these compounds helpful in treating chronic venous insufficiency, or CVI, and fragile capillaries, say University of Michigan (UMM) experts. Women taking 150 mg of OPCs daily experienced fewer CVI symptoms, according to a study published in the September 1981 issue of "Therapeutique, la Revue de Medicine." They may also support varicose veins and slow progression of retinopathy. Grape seed extract also appears to reduce swelling. Minimal inconsistent evidence suggests it may help lower cholesterol and slow cancer growth, as well.
Use
You can find grape seed extract supplements primarily in tablet and capsule form, although liquid form is also available. For health benefits, the supplement should contain 40 to 80 percent proanthocyanidins. For overall antioxidant protection from cell-damaging free radicals, 25 to 150 mg one to three times daily is sufficient, UMM experts advise. For easing CVI symptoms, take up to 300 mg daily. To reduce swelling after surgery or an injury, take 200 to 400 mg daily for up to a month.
Warnings
Grape seed extract is usually side-effect free, but this supplement may cause headaches, dizziness, nausea or dry scalp. Because this extract thins the blood, it could increase bleeding risks in those taking anticoagulants like Warafin. If you take these or any other medications or natural supplements, talk with your health care provider before taking grape seed extract supplements.
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