The thyroid gland produces thyroxine, which is a hormone that regulates how cells use energy to function. Many conditions can affect the function of the thyroid gland, and most of these conditions are treated with conservative measures. However, more serious conditions may require the surgical removal of a section of the thyroid gland, or of the entire thyroid gland. According to Medline Plus, a publication of the National Institutes of Health, thyroid surgery is generally safe; however, complications may occur.
Nerve Damage
According to the Columbia University Medical Center, one in 100 thyroid operations results in damage to the nerves that control voice. This occurs because the nerve that controls voice is in close proximity to the thyroid gland. When this nerve is damaged, the patient may have difficulty with voice projection and the production of high-pitched sounds. While concerning, voice changes are usually temporary, further states the Columbia University Medical Center. Thus, a patient should let his doctor know if he is having voice difficulty following thyroid surgery.
Parathyroid Gland Damage
The parathyroid glands are located behind the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands regulate calcium and vitamin D levels in the body. A surgeon removing the thyroid gland may damage or remove the parathyroid glands in one out of every 300 thyroid surgeries, states the Columbia University Medical Center. If parathyroid glands are damaged, a patient may require long-term calcium and vitamin D supplements. Thus, a patient may request to have blood test taken after thyroid surgery to make sure the parathyroid glands are functioning normally.
Excessive Bleeding
As with any surgery, a patient may experience excessive bleeding, particularly if he has a history of a bleeding disorder. The Columbia University Medical Center states that one in 300 patients may experience excessive bleeding after thyroid surgery. A blood transfusion may be necessary if excessive blood is lost.
Infection
Infection is a risk with any surgery. This occurs because bacteria on the skin, surgical tools or the surgeon may enter the open wound and cause an infection. A patient should look for signs of a wound infection that include excessive pain, warmth, redness or drainage from the wound site. In addition, he should immediately let his doctor know if he experience fever, chills or night sweats, which can be signs of a more serious infection. A patient can reduce his risk of infection by following all presurgical and post-surgical instruction the doctor provides.
