Fifth disease is a viral illness caused by the human strain of parvovirus B19. This illness is commonly recognized as a childhood disease; however, adults can also contract the virus. Fifth disease is highly contagious through contact with saliva from an infected person. While the disease is generally harmless and mild, it can pose risks to pregnant women and those with weakened immune systems. Fifth disease can be diagnosed by characteristic symptoms, though some people will acquire the illness without any notable symptoms.
Rash
Fifth disease causes a distinct rash that begins on the face. Children often develop bright red cheeks as the first noticeable symptom of the illness. This is often classified as a "slap-cheeked" rash as it appears as if the child's cheeks have been slapped. A body rash follows, usually on the trunk, arms and legs, which is bright red and has a delicate, lace-like appearance. The rash lasts one to three weeks, and may itch or get worse before it finally clears up. Facial rash is most prominent in children, though both adults and kids may develop rash in other areas.
General Illness
Fifth disease can cause symptoms of general illness in both children and adults. Low-grade fever, fatigue, sore throat and headache may develop one to two weeks after exposure to fifth disease. These symptoms are generally mild in children and may be more prominent and severe in adults. Symptoms of general illness may appear before the characteristic facial rash in children.
Joint Pain
Adults commonly suffer from joint pain during fifth disease infection. Joints in the hands, knees and wrists are commonly affected by the illness and become painful and swollen. Joint pain can develop one to three weeks after initial exposure to fifth disease and generally subsides without lasting effect within two weeks. According to the Arthritis Foundation, 10 percent of adults with exposure to fifth disease will have chronic joint pain. Medications are available for fifth disease-related arthritis. Adults and children with unresolved joint pain should seek medical care for treatment.
